Batak

Script Details

Batak

A magic book in Batak, full manuscript available online https://digital.soas.ac.uk/l/LOAA005798/00004/

By (imaged by SOAS University of London. Digital Library Services.) - SOAS University of London. Batak Pustaha [Magic Book].https://digital.soas.ac.uk/l/LOAA005798/00004/citation, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=69887479

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Maps

Https://scriptsource.org/cms/scripts/page.php?item_id=script_detail&key=Batk

Data

Alternate Names Aksara Batak, Surat Batak
ISO 15924 Batk 365
Type Abugida
Family Insular Southeast Asian
Direction BtT, LtR
Diacritics Yes
Contextual Forms No
Capitals Used No
Glyphs 19
Inventor Siraja Batak
Earliest Location Batak area (primarily northern Sumatra; historically also included parts of Malaysia)
Earliest Date 1764 CE (received by British Museum)
Latest Date Present
Ancestry
      • Batak

Overview

This script was primarily used by the priestly class, datu, for the creation of magical texts and calendars. Early accounts by observers claim that literacy was widespread and taught from person to person rather than in a formal school setting. (Kozok, 36-37) Most collections of physical scripts are incomplete, damaged, and poorly preserved. Also, over 90 percent of Batak texts are located overseas. (Kozok; Cummings, 275)

Batak scripts were accumulated into books known as pustaha and “were [primarily] written on long strips of bark from the Aquilaria tree. Pustaha are significant because they contain information on the performance of rituals and the interpretation of omens, as well as formulas to be used in the manufacture of medicines. (Kozok 34)” Batak scripts written on bamboo, bone and paper. “Of the bamboo scripts, 50% comprise laments and letters, and thus are not written by specialists, or datu, but by non-professional literates. This clearly suggests that literacy must have been much more widespread than is generally assumed... ”When reading texts, all Batak have the strange habit of pronouncing the vowels in a very long-drawn [...] and singsong way, while appearing to be lost in deep reflection. It seems almost impossible for them to read quietly and silently to themselves; on the whole, the proceedings are very slow. (Junghuhn 1847/:260.)“ (Kozok, 48.)”

The complexity of the rituals, customs, and widespread usage of this writing system denote that this system has existed far longer than the earliest attested date listed above. However, many of the sources available regarding the Batak script are not written in English, making it difficult for this researcher to ascertain a specific date and location for this script's origin.

Bibliography

Author Year Publication Publisher
Campbell, George L.; Mosley, Christopher 2012 The Routledge Handbook of Scripts and Alphabets Taylor & Francis Group
Coulmas, Florian 1999 The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Writing Systems, 34-58 Blackwell Publishing
Kozok, Uli 2000 On Writing the Not-To-Be-Read: Literature and Literacy in a Pre-Colonial 'Tribal' Society Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, Vol. 156, No. 1 (2000), pp. 33-55
Kozok, Uli; Cummings, William 2001 Warisan Leluhur: Sastra Lama dan Aksara Batak [The Heritage of the Ancestors: Ancient Batak Literature and Scripts] By ULI KOZOK Jakarta: École Française d'Extrême-Orient and Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia, 1999. Pp. 158. Maps, Tables, Illustrations, Bibliography, Index [In Indonesian] Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 33(2), p. 274-276
Kuipers, Joel and Ray McDermott 1996 The World's Writing Systems, Insular Southeast Asian Scripts, 474-484 Oxford University Press
Muchtar, M. A., Jaya, I., Nandar, C. S., Nababan, E. B., Effendi, S., Sitompul, O. S., Zarlis, M., Andayani, U., Nasution, T. H., Siregar, I., & Syahputra, M. F. 2020 Digitization of Batak Manuscripts Using Methods Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) IOP Conference Series. Materials Science and Engineering, 851(1)
Nabanan, Partabas Wilmar Joakin 1966 Toba Batak, a grammatical description Cornell University ProQuest Dissertations Publishing
Veronica, Afryna 2021 The Preservation and Dissemination Strategy of Toba Batak Indigenous Knowledge for Millenial Generations Khizanah al-Hikmah (Online), 2021, Vol.9 (1), p.9-15